Archives For Life

There’s a well known problem with Luke’s nativity. Luke states that Mary and Joseph went to Bethlehem because of a census that took place while Quirinius was governor of Syria (2:1-5).

In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered. This was the first registration when Quirinius was governor of Syria. And all went to be registered, each to his own town.

Now Josephus, the first century historian, says Quirinius conducted a census in A.D. 6. And here in lies the problem.  Because Luke, like Matthew, also places Jesus birth before the death of King Herod in 4 B.C (Matt. 2:1, Luke 1:5). Which adds up to unmistakable difference of 9 years.

Whatever the solution to this problem, and there are good solutions, It appears to me that Luke did indeed want his readers to at least connect Jesus’ birth with the memory of the census of A.D. 6. Here’s why.

The census that year sparked a major Jewish revolt. Luke knows of this event because he refers to it in his second volume (Acts 5:37).

After this Judas the Galilean rose up in the days of the census and drew away some of the people after him. He too perished, and all who followed him were scattered.

It’s quite natural to connect this census with the one already mentioned at the beginning of Luke.

Concerning Judas, Josephus in his Antiquities of the Jews provides a little more.

Yet was there one Judas, a Gaulonite, of a city whose name was Gamala, who, taking with him Sadduc, a Pharisee, became zealous to draw them to a revolt, who both said that this taxation was no better than an introduction to slavery, and exhorted the nation to assert their liberty; as if they could procure them happiness and security for what they possessed, and an assured enjoyment of a still greater good, which was that of the honor and glory they would thereby acquire for magnanimity.

The result, however, was vastly different than Judas intended. Rome quickly crushed the rebellion. But the repercussions, Josephus finds, extended long after.

the sedition at last increased so high, that the very temple of God was burnt down by their enemies’ fire. (A.D. 70)

It appears to me that Luke implicitly compare and contrast the well-known actions of the Rebel Judas with the actions of Mary and Joseph.  Like Judas, Mary and Joseph are from Galilee. And yet unlike the revolutionary they don’t rebel when commanded to register. They humbly obey.

And Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the town of Nazareth to Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child. And while they were there, the time came for her to give birth. And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn.

If anyone had a reason to rebel, they did. Mary with child, a long distance to travel and no room for them when they arrive. But suffering the insults, they conducted themselves as Rome, the oppressor state, required.

Luke in both his Gospel and Acts is insistent on the peaceful behavior of Jesus and his followers.  Despite Jesus being executed as an enemy of Rome, and His followers being the source of numerous riots, Luke stresses over and over again that the seditious overthrow of the government is not the way of those who follow Christ.

Instead Jesus comes, as Zachariah says,

to guide our feet in the way of peace (Luke 1:79).

And it is because of His birth the angels sing,

Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among those with whom he is pleased! (Luke 2:14)

By implicitly comparing and contrasting Mary and Joseph’s behavior with the infamous actions of Judas the Galilean, Luke offers them as examples of peace for all Christians to follow.

Extravagant gifts can both humble and embarrass us.

I’ll never forget the Christmas my wife, children and I moved back home after being away for some two and half years. Surrounded by family, friends and strangers alike, I was humbled by the sheer number of gifts we received.

The pile rose higher and higher and still the presents kept coming. I looked at the poor strangers around us and blushed with embarrassment at how much we had been given. It was difficult to accept the overwhelming excess of these gifts given in love.

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The Symbolism

Jesus washing his disciple’s feet in John 13:1-17 is about the extravangant gift given by God when He became a baby.  It’s a powerful symbolic reenactment of the word becoming flesh (John 1:14). Much of the scene echoes Philippians 2:4-8.

In your relationship with one another, have the same mindset as Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be used to his own advantage; rather, he made himself nothing by taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness.  And being found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to death – even death on a cross! 

When Jesus lays aside his garments and takes a towel in John 13, he shows how he laid aside his divine privilege to take the demeaning role of a slave.   

The Scandal

In Peter’s reaction we see the scandalous, sometimes embarrassing reality of what God has done.

In our society it’s difficult to understand the shock and horror Peter experienced as His LORD exposed himself to perform a slave’s task. It might in some sense parallel the shock of watching the Pope take off his clothes in the middle of his Christmas message to give his clothes personally to you.

Imagine your horror as this dignified man takes off his robe unbuttons his shirt and then unzips his pants. Imagine the gasps from the crowd; the red faces the eyes closing and the heads turning away. Imagine the pale skin, aged and overweight body of Benedict standing exposed, offering all his honor and dignity to you.

This in some sense is what God did in Jesus.

We might have been satisfied with something a little less intimate.  But the intimacy and concern God affords is so much greater.

God is closer than you think and perhaps at times, according to Peter’s reaction, even more intimate than we might at times be comfortable with.

For the Jews and Greeks God was something up there, something wholly other. He was a transcendent being, that no eye could see and no mind could comprehend. God existed far removed from the day to day routine of everyday life.

The incarnation, the fact that God became man, changes everything. It turns the world upside down. God can no longer be mistaken for an invisible deity far removed from our cares and concerns. He is as Matthew pointed out, “Immanuel” which means “God with us.” (Matthew 1:23)

The Season

In Christmas we remember how God fully and completely offered himself to us, giving the entirety of Himself , His honor and respect in order to meet every last inch of our need.

This gift of intimacy may be difficult to accept. The cynic in us can’t believe it. No God would do that. If I was God I wouldn’t do that. But the surprising thing is that it is exactly because he is God that he has done just that. Notice how John tells us that the cause for Jesus actions was that he knew he came from God and was going back to God (13:3). It is precisely because he is God that He gave himself to us.

To be God, according to the gospel of John, is to give sacrificially, for God is a giver (John 3:16, James 1:17). He goes beyound the limits of what we even do for ourselves.

In John 13 we find a God that is truly closer than we think. A God that shocks us so throughly in the extravagant gift of Himself that we can only help but blush.

Question:

Have you ever received a gift that embarrassed you because it was so great?  When have you felt, like Peter, momentarly embarrassed at the intimacy and extravagance of God’s love? 

It’s Christmas again!  And like the tensile and lights, it’s time to pull out those well worn advent passages we’re all familiar with.

  • Prophecies about Jesus coming (Isaiah 9 and Micah 5)
  • Narratives about Jesus birth (Matthew 1-2, Luke 1-2 and Revelation 12).
  • Reflections on the incarnation, the fact that God became man (John 1 and Philippians 2)

How about a new passage to read and preach this year? John 13 is not typically associated with Christmas and yet it has the birth of Jesus written all over it.  Here’s how.

Foot Washing

Water in John is an important symbol of purification and the Spirit.

John 13 isn’t the only time water plays a significant role in this gospel. Beginning in chapter one, John the Baptist states three times that he baptizes in “water” (1:26, 31, 33) only then to proclaim that Jesus will “baptize in the Holy Spirit” (1:35). Jesus changes water into wine (2:9), proclaims a new birth of “water and Spirit” (3:5) and offers the Samaritan woman “living water” (4:10). He heals a paralytic longing to be cured in a troubled pool (5:7), invites the thirsty to come to him and drink (7:37-38) and opens the eyes of the blind in the pool of Siloam (9:6-7). Ultimately, Jesus in death releases a flow of water from His pierced side (19:34).

What do all these references to water mean?

Sometimes water is simply a clear physical liquid used for rituals of purification. However when associated with Jesus, water in John represents the Spirit (7;37-38). By comparing and contrasting these two meanings, John makes clear the supremacy of Christ’s Spirit over earthly cleaning. (See my post, Jesus is Greater: What does Water Mean? for more details.)

Jesus is a container of water which represents the Spirit.

It’s not enough though to say water refers to purification and the Spirit. In John 7:37-38, Jesus prophecies “living water” will flow from within Him and in 19:34 we find it doing just that. Jesus is literally a container of water!

This water also comes from Jesus in John 11, at the tomb of Lazarus.  John says Jesus was “troubled” and “wept” or more literally “shed tears.”  The word “trouble” points back to the first time this word is used in John.  In chapter five it refers to the waters of Bethesda (5:7).  The water heals when the water is “troubled” and so too does Jesus here, raising Lazarus from the dead.  

The water also comes from Jesus in John 9.  Remember it’s Jesus’ spit mixed with clay which opens the eyes of the man born blind (9:3).

The Water within Jesus’ is His Divine nature.

In 1 John 5:6, John says Jesus Christ “came by water and blood; not with water only with water and blood.” The blood here clearly stands for Jesus’ fleshly nature which some erroneously denied (see 1 John 4:2 and 2 John 7).

If the water associated with Jesus in John represents the Spirit (7:37-39) than the only conclusion we can draw here is that water stands for Christ’s Divine nature as opposed to this fleshly nature. John 1:14 says, “the Word became flesh and dwelt among us.” The water signifies the intangible Word. (See my post, Finally Someone Gets the “Water and Blood” Right! for more details).

In John 13 the washing with water is explicitly connected with Jesus. When Peter refuses the humble service of His Lord, Jesus tells him, “Unless I wash you, you have no part with me.” By refusing the washing, Peter has inadvertently rejected Jesus himself.

Jesus pours water into a bowl to symbolicly reenact His birth. 

John 13 is about the self humbling of Jesus. Knowing his intimate union with God (13:3), Jesus

got up from supper, and laid aside His garments; and taking a towel, He girded Himself. Then He poured water into the basin, and began to wash the disciples’ feet and to wipe them with the towel with which He was girded.

This humbling is significantly reminiscent of an early Christian hymn found in Philippians 2:5-8,

Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature god, did not consider equality with god something to be grasped, but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness.

In both accounts, Jesus equal with God progresses to the role of a servant. In John, Jesus “makes himself nothing” by “laying aside His garments” to dress the part of a slave.

The water poured into basin likewise expresses the self humbling of Jesus. The Word became flesh (1:14). In Jesus, the water becomes contained. It’s no coincidence that John, the only gospel to recount the foot washing, is also the only gospel to explicitly proclaim the incarnation (John 1:14).

John replaces the communion recorded in Matthew, Mark and Luke with foot-washing because it symbolizes not just Christ’s sacrifice of his flesh in death but the humbling in his birth and life as well.

This Christmas Jesus has left an example we should follow. Will you humble yourself and do the same?

What do you think?

What’s the point?

All across the United States churches are closing there doors on Sunday night services.  And I, for one, have cheered the decline.  Isn’t there better things we can do with our time.  What’s the point in another sermon – another time of worship?

But I’ve changed my mind about Sunday nights.  Here’s why.

It’s been years since I’ve attended a Sunday night service.  All across the United States churches are closing there doors on Sunday nights.  And I, for one, have cheered the move.  What’s the point of a Sunday night service?  Isn’t there better things we can do with our time.  Why do we need a repeat of Sunday morning service – another sermon, another time of worship?  But I’ve changed my mind about Sunday nights.  Here’s why we need Sunday night services.

What’s the point of Sunday night service?  I think that’s the general reason people have closed the doors.  If it’s just another reason to have another service, just another time to pass the offering plate then of course close the doors!  There’s no point in doing that!  Especially when there’s better things on TV at home.  We can entertain ourselves in a plethora of different ways today.  Why expend the effort in putting on a Sunday night service?  Why take people away from there families and other ministry opportunities that they could be doing?

Why have we abandoned Sunday night service

  1. Better things to do
  2. Low attendance
  3. Not worth the effort
  4. Just a repeat of Sunday morning – lacks purpose

Why we need Sunday night service

  1. A time for believers!
  2. A time for communion!
  3. A time for worship!
  4. A time for prayer!

Did you know the early church had two seperate services?  One for seekers and believers and the other just for believers.

  • It’s a repeat of Sunday morning
  • it’s got low attendance

This article

The people who are exploring Christianity are not typically accustomed even to weekly worship a single time.  So to put forward some kind of a community-based expectation that you do this twice a Sunday would be extraordinary.

What’s the point?

 

The most memorable sermon I ever heard was delivered on a Sunday night.  After a time of worship, Jim Davenport rose to the podium and help up a cream colored file folder and said

this is probably the best sermon you will ever hear.  But God told me not to speak it.  Love one another.  You are dismissed.

It certainly the shortest message I’ve ever heard.  And that’s probably why it stands out to me twenty years later.


That was Sunday nights!

 

Today, however, churches have largely abandoned Sunday night services.  I know I for one have cheered the decline.  Why do we need a repeat of Sunday morning?  Isn’t there a better way to spend our time?  And besides Sunday nights never matched the attendance of Sunday mornings.  I more or less thought in terms of this person in this article when he said

But I see it differently today.

It might look like Sunday mornings.  There was always worship and a sermon.  But the difference wasn’t in form.  It was atmosphere.  Sunday nights felt natural.  Cultural dress codes were dressed down and all appeals to the clock were abandoned.  The agenda was simply to experience the power and presence of the Holy Spirit and fellowship with other believers.

I’ve changed my mind since then.  Here’s why.

It just isn’t successful in the way it used to be.  And we’ve begun to ask ourselves what’s the point of a repeat of Sunday morning?  It really is a mission focus that has changed.  We don’t go to Sunday night because we think it is a repeat of Sunday morning.  And that is true.  At it’s worst Sunday morning was just a repeat of Sunday morning – a time to hear another sermon, sing some songs etc.  But at its best Sunday nights were freeing time to enjoy the Spirit’s presence and fellowship with one another.

A service for seekers on Sunday Mornings.  That’s what were left with.  A shallow time of preaching to the unsaved or uncommitted.  Christmas and Easter services are given over to such people.  Like a politicians we play to the independents.  Forget those who are committed and want to truly go deeper.

There have been times that I’ve been grateful for Sunday night services and times where I felt it was it would be better for it to go the way of the Dinosaur.

We need it precisely because it isn’t Sunday morning!  Sunday morning is a time believers, unbelievers and seekers to come together.  Services are more formal.  Time is of the essence.  Many people come to Sunday morning for a shot in the arm for there daily routine.  People come to check out a church.  They come to try it out.  Sunday nights, however, are a time for the church to be laid back and let the Spirit move.  To allow for extended times of prayer and fellowship.

I use to think it was a trend here in the Northwest where historically the Church has not been as socially influential.  But with this article I’m beginning to think its more of a national trend which I believe is due to the proliferation of alternative entertainment options.  It’s a bottom line thing.

But I think this comes from a misunderstanding of what Sunday Night is all about. I for one used to not want a Sunday Night Service.  When I thought that Sunday Night was just a repeat of Sunday Morning.  But it’s not.  If that was the cause then of course there might be good reason to abandon Sunday nights.

Here’s an article on the trend published September 18, 2010.

Is Sunday morning a time for evangelism or discipleship?  Is it a time for believers or unbelievers?

Mudding the waters.  We assume that believers are being discipled by what we do.  What’s the purpose and point of Sunday morning service?  Why do we do what we do?

Do you remember Sunday night services?  When I was growing up it was a vital time of Christian community.  We don’t have Sunday Night services any more.  At least in the churches I’ve attended in the last ten years.  Even the churches I grew up don’t have Sunday night services any more.

Balancing the needs of the local church

  • Evangelism
  • Discipleship

Can these be done at the same time and in the same place – namely Sunday morning.  How do we take pagans from the surrounding society and disciple them into the Christ honoring followers today.

What was a service like in the second century.  They had two different services – the first for believers and seekers and the second for believers only. It striking to me how much the service hasn’t changed that much in 2,000 years.  Worship and then sermon.  But what did strike me is the fact that they had a second service – a service to which only believers were invited.  And it was during this time that they had extended time of prayer and communion.  The second service was washed out when the empire became Christian.  When there simply were more Christians then unbelievers.  But now we’re moving back into a time of unbelief and all we offer Christians is a muddied seeker sensitive service.

Part 1: Service of the Word

1. Opening greeting by bishop and response by the congregation. Often, the bishop would say “The Lord be with you” and the congregation would respond, “And with your spirit.”

2. Old Testament Scripture reading. Usually read or chanted by a deacon.

3. Psalm or hymn (I). Chanted or sung.

4. New Testament Scripture reading (I). This first NT reading was from any NT book outside the gospels.

5. Psalm or hymn (II).

6. New Testament Scripture reading (II). From one of the four gospels.

7. Sermon. Delivered by the bishop, while seated.

8. Dismissal of all but baptized believers.

Part 2: The Eucharist

1. Congregational prayers. The prayer leader—the bishop in the West; senior deacon in the East—would announce the first topic. The congregation prayed silently for a while. Then the leader summed up the petitions with his own spoken prayer. Then he would do the same pattern again with a new topic. This was a lengthy part of the service. Early Christian art suggests that a typical posture from praying was standing, looking heavenward, with arms outstretched and palms up.

2. The Lord’s Supper. Here’s the order: (1) the bishop offered a greeting; (2) the congregation responded; (3) there was a “kiss of peace” (men to men, women to women); (4) church members brought their own small loaf of bread and flask of wine from home; the deacons took these and spread them out on the Lord’s table, emptying the flasks of wine into one large silver cup. (5) The bishop and the congregation engaged in a liturgical “dialogue” with the congregation; (6) the bishop led the congregation in prayer; (7) the bishop and the deacons broke the bread and distributed the cup to the congregation. (8) Something would be said to each member as he or she received the elements (e.g., “The bread of heaven in Christ Jesus,” with the response of “Amen.”) Unconsumed bread and wine would be taken home by church members to use for celebrating communion at home during the weekdays.

3. Benediction. E.g., “Depart in peace,” spoken by the deacon.

As we saw in yesterday’s post, Luke and it’s sequel Acts clearly lay out the pattern that all who are filled with the Spirit have their mouths opened in witness and praise.  Jesus says in Acts 1:8

But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my witnesses…

It makes it all the more remarkable than to find Luke, the gospel of the open mouth, beginning not with an open mouth but with an old man having his voice taken from him.

You’ve heard the story.  We hear it almost every Christmas time.

The angel Gabriel tells Zachariah the priest he’s going to have a son. But the priest needs proof.  

“How can I be certain?  My wife and I are well passed childbearing years.”  

The angel snaps back.  “Your mouth will be shut because you did not believe the good news.” (Luke 1:5-23)

Wow!  Did you get that?  This isn’t just a story.  It’s a warning.  

Zachariah’s inability to speak is made all the more striking when compared to another who receives the same Good News. Get this!  Luke parallels Zachariah’s story with the announcement made to Mary.

  • Situation: Like Zachariah and Elizabeth, Mary is unable to have children.  They are old.  She is a virgin (compare 1:5-10, 26-27)
  • Message: Like Zachariah, the angel comes to Mary with the miraculous good news. (compare 1:11-17, 28-33) (Don’t be afraid (1:13, 30), You will have a son (1:13, 31), You will name him… (1:13, 31) He will be great… (1:14-17, 32-33))
  • Question: Like Zachariah, she asks “How” – though it’s a very different sort of question then the one Zachariah asks. (compare 1:18, 34)
  • Response: Like Zachariah, she gets an answer. (compare 1:19-20, 35-38
  • Elizabeth Reaction: And Like Zachariah, she journey’s to Zachariah’s home where Elizabeth proclaims the glory of what God has done. (compare 1:21-25, 39-45)

Point after point, Luke takes pains to reveal the comparisons in these two accounts.

And then suddenly the pattern is broken – and its broken in MARY’S SONG (1:46-55)!  Mary’s mouth is opened and she sings a song almost ten verses long.

See the parallels and the break!

  • Zachariah:  Situation – Message – Question – Response – Reaction – (        )
  • Mary:          Situation – Message – Question – Response – Reaction – SONG!

Zachariah is silenced.  His song is clearly missing.  He should have sang a song after Elizabeth speaks.  But he doesn’t.  He can’t.  Instead he sits silently watching and listening to this young girl sing a song that he himself is unable sing.

Why is Mary’s mouth opened when Zachariah’s is shut?  

It’s comes down to the very different responses they have to the good news.

  • Zachariah doubts the message.  “How shall I know this?”
  • Mary believes. “How will this be?”

For Luke, these two stories aren’t just about the birth of John and Jesus.  It’s the very message of Luke’s Gospel and Acts.  Be careful how you receive the Good News – the Gospel, Luke warns.  To those who believe their mouths will be opened, but the mouths of the those who disbelieve will be shut.

The good news is that there’s hope even for Zachariah.  Though it comes late, his mouth is opened when he humbles himself and submits to the good news.  When he names his son John, as the Angel instructed, Zachariah, like Mary before, is “filled with the Holy Spirit” and at last sings His song (1:67-79).

Question: When have you experienced your mouth opened in witness and praise?  Have you ever had it closed because of a refusal to believe?